The building sector accounts for 40% of total energy consumption, and is responsible for about 30% of CO₂ emissions; regarding the energy performance of buildings have been issued:
- Directive 2002/91/EC (EPBD – Energy Performance of Buildings Directive)
- Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of energy from renewable sources
- Directive 2010/31/EU (or EPDB2) with the task of setting the minimum requirements for the construction of new buildings and major renovations of existing buildings
The EU has set ambitious targets, called “20 – 20 – 20“, on the subject of climate and energy policies, that individual Member states should reach by 2020:
- 20% fewer greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990
- increase energy efficiency by 20%
- renewable energy accounting for 20% of total consumption
NEW BUILDINGS
“Nearly zero energy buildings ” or NZEB will become the standard of construction for all new buildings by 31.12.2020: passive buildings – concept applies to all types of buildings, not only residential – are buildings that cover most of their energy needs (heating, cooling, domestic hot water, ventilation and lighting) with a minimum source energy, using alternative sources.
The new buildings are made with special attention to insulation, window frames, tight envelope, minimal thermal bridges … direct consequence is that the structure DO NOT “breathes” … the double flow Controlled Mechanical Ventilation (with heat recovery) is essential in the new buildings!
EXISTING BUILDINGS
Constructing new performing buildings do not worsen the present situation, but not even getting better: new buildings (virtuous) represent only approx. 1% of the housing stock.
In addition to new buildings, the design criteria for buildings NZEB apply (in whole or in part) also to:
- demolition and reconstruction
- extensions and elevation
- major renovation
- energy upgrading (new installation, renovation of the plant)
- simple replacement of plant
